Autographic telegraphy.



E. H.'& K. A. WIDEGREN.

AUTOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED DI-IC. 20, 1913.

1,171,822. Patented Feb. 15,1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2- 138 COLUMBM PLANOORAPH CO-I WASHINGTON, D. C-

E. H. & K. A. WIDEGREN.

AUTOGBAPHICJELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 20. 1913.

1 1 7 1 ,822 Patented Feb. 15, 1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET a.

E. H. & K. A. WIDEGREN.

AUTOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED DEC-.20. 191s.

Patented Feb. 15, 1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4f E. H. a. K. A. WIDEGR'EN. AUTOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPHY. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 20, 1913- 1,171 ,822. Patented Feb.15,1916.,

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5- fj/ 5 J M 135L14 1 COLUMBIA PMNOGRAM 50., WASHINGTON, D. c.

onrrnn sra'rns Parana orrrong.

EMIL HENBIK wrnncnnn Ann KLAS, AUe s'r wrnnennn; or ALBY, SWEDEN.

auroenarnro TELEGRAPHY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed December 20, 1313, Serial No. 897,917.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, EMIL HENRIK \Vrnnonnx and KLas AUGUST VVrnnennn, subjects of the King of Sweden, and both residents of Alby, Sweden, have. invented new and useful, Improvements in Auto graphic 'Ielegraphy, of which the. following 1s a specification. The present invention relates to such systems for actuating electric apparatus at a distance'in which there are used pulsations of alternating polarity obtained from a source of continuous electric current for. ac.- tuating the receiving apparatus. In such systems it may in many cases be desirable to be able to effect a diplex action without in: creasing the number of wires, for instance to effect in a writing telegraph or in an apparatus recording at a distance, besides the movement proper of the pen, also. its lifting from the writing plane for spacing or changing of lines.

The present invention has for its object to provide a method of and means for. effecting such a diplex action, the method chiefly consisting in this, that the receiver is provided with an apparatus operating in the ordinary way for the pulsating current, independently of the polarity of the latter, and with an apparatus operating by a difierence between the effective value of the positive and negative pulsations but remaining unaflected when the positive and negative pulsations are the same; and that, when said diplex action has to be effected, there is produced in the transmitter by means of arbitrary arrangements, an unbalancing of the effective value of he positive and negative pulsations, which is suflicient to cause the latter apparatus at the receiver to operate, without the normal operation'of the former apparatus being disturbed.

The invention will be more particularly described here below with reference to, the accompanying drawings, its general prin- 'ciples being first explained and then some applications in detail described.

Figures 1 and 2 show two different forms of pulsation curves. Figs. 3 to 5 show different manners of effecting unbalancing of active pulsations. Figs. (Sand 7 show different manners of effecting unbalancing of passive pulsations. Fig. 8 shows a double unbalancing of the pulsations. Fig. ,9 illus: a a trates diagrammatically an apparatus 101 effecting the unbalancingof the pulsations shown in Figs. 1 to 3. Figs. 9 9 and 9", show modifications of the apparatus accordlng to Fig. 9. Fig. 10 illustrates diagrammatically an apparatus for effecting the unbalancing shown in. Fig. 4. Fig. 11 shows another apparatus for effecting the unbalancing shown in Fig. 6, and Fig. 12 an apparatus for efiecting the unbalancing according to Fig. 7. Fig. 13 shows an application of the invention to a writing telegraph according to our U. S. Patent No. 105%811 for effecting, besides the writing movements of the recording. pen at the receiving app aratus, also the lifting of the recording 'pen from the writing plane. Figs. let and l5 show the pulsation curves used in the application of the invention shown in Fig. 13.

In Figs. 1 and 2 are shown two different,

forms of pulsation curves which are the supposition for the application of the invention. Fig. 1 shows positive and negative pulsations separated by currentless intervals,

while Fig. 2 shows positive and negative pulsations separated by weaker pulsations,

which have to assist in discharging and re charging the line, thus reducing the damping influence of the line capacity on the open current. In both figures the zero-line is indicated by 1 2, the limit of action of the receiving apparatus (for instance a relay), c. the minimum value of the pulsation that is to be reached in order to make the receiving apparatus operative, being indicated on the positive side by the line 3% and on the negative side by the line 5-6. In Fig. 1 the pulsations are indicated by 710, 11- 14:, l51'8 and 19 -22. In Fig. 2 there are two kinds of pulsations, on the one hand such as. do not reach the limit of action of the receiving relay, thus not influencing the relay, and on the'other hand such as reach up to or beyond this limit ol 'action, thus in-. I

fiuencing the relay. below called"pass1ve,' the latter act ve pulsations. The curve begins with a passive pulsation 'at23, lastlng between 23 and 24:,

where it turns into the active pulsation 2-5 28. Both of these pulsations are'positive. At 28 there beginsa new passive pulsation, which lasts between 29 and 30, where it turns into the active "pulsation 30-33. Both of these pulsations are negative. Other passive pulsations are .33-'35 and SST-40 and the other active pulsations 353 8 The former are here and 40 l3. Both the active and the passive pulsations thus have alternating polarity.

As appears from Figs. 1 and 2, the pulsa tion curve is symmetrical or balanced in relation to the zero-line, and it is just this character that is to be changed according to the present invention, when a dipl X action is to be effected. It a pulsating current of the kind shown in Figs. 1 or 2 is led through a common continuous current meter (based on the principle of Depradrirsonval), the meter will, provided it is sufliciently damped against the separate pulsations, give no deflection. The positive and negative parts of the current are the same and neutralize the influence ofone another on the meter. If on the other hand equilib rium between the positive and the negative parts of the curve is in any way disturbed, the meter will give a deflection, the size of which depends on the difference between the magnetizing influence of the positive and negative pulsations on the meter. It should be observed that such a disturbance of the equilibrium between the positive and the negative parts of the curve can take place without the normal influence of the separate pulsations on the relay of the re ceiving stationiiecessarily being disturbed,

The indicated unbalancing between the positive and negative parts of the pulsation curve can be effected in several different ways, some typical cases of which are shown in Figs. 3-7. I

Accordingto Fig. 3 the disturbance of the equilibrium is efi'ected by reducing the height of the positive pulsations '710. Of the curve there is shown only one positive pulsation 710 and one negative pulsation 1114l both of one and the same size; the zero-line is indicated by 12 and the limit of action. of the receiving relay by 3, 4 and I 5, 6. The line cuts off a part of the positive pulsation. By removing the part i-l, 8, 9, l5 of every positive pulsation one thus can disturb the equilibrium between the positive and negative part of the curve, thereby eitecting at the receiving station a diplex action of the pulsations transmitted.

By removing the part is, 8, 9, 15 the iniiuence of the pulsation on the chief relay of the receiving station is not changed, if only the curtailing does not extend below the limit of action 3, 4}. or" this relay.

In Figs. 4: and 5 the said unbalancing of the curve is efiected by another kind of curtailing the pulsations on the one side of the O-line. in both figures the Odine is indicated by 12, the limit of action by 3, 4 and 5, 6 and the pulsations by 7-10 and 1114;. In Fig. i the curtailing has the form l6l9, in Fig. 5 the form 5052. In both cases the curtailing does not extend below the limit of action 3, 4. If the pulsating current has passive pulsations, as

shown in Fig. 2, the latter may be curtailed in theway described above.

Figs. 6 and 7 show examples thereof. In both figures the O-line is indicated by 1, 2. the limit of action by 3, i and 5, 6 and the uncurtailed pulsations by 2328 and 28- 38.

According to Fig. 6 the unbalancing is ef-' apparatus operating for the unbalancingr In Fig. 8 there is shown a pulsation curve with such an unbalancing. lhe O-line is indicated by 1, 2 and the limits of action by 3, l and 5, 6. Inunbalancing in the positive direction the resoective pulsations,

have-the form 7-10 and 11, 61, 62, i l and in. negative unbalancing 7, ll, 15, 10 and 11-14. The unbalancing shown in Fig.1 8 1s a repetition of the unbalancing according to Fig. 3 at the pulsations on both sides of.

the O-liiie. One may proceed in the same way with the unbalancings shown in Figs.-

l-T. As the difference between the positive and negative pulsations in such a doubleunbalancing in the one case becomes positive and in the other case negative. the-receiving apparatus working by these differences will make a deflection to the one or the other side or" its zero-position according as the: difference is positive or negative.

The arrangements necessary to effect the changes of the pulsation curve above described and to make these perceivable at the =eceiving station may be carried out in sevral different manners and in Figs. 94?. are

shown someconstructionalformsof such an rangements.

In Fig. 9, A is a transmitting stationand B a receiving station. At the transmitting station A there is arranged a disk or cylinder 61 provided with bars 62, G3, 6%, 65 insulated from each. other (being in the drawing supposed to be laid out in a. plane). On the axle 66 ofthe disk or cylinder -61 there are arranged sliprings 67, 68, 69 with sliding brushes 70, 71, 72 respectively. The

bar 62 is connected with the slip 65}. bar 63 witlrslip ring 67, bar 6 1 with slip ring 69, either directly or by connection with bar 62, and bar 65 with slip ring-68. The sliding brush is bya wire 73 con? nected; with the positive side of the current source 74, the middle of which is connected to earth by a wire 75; Thesliding brush 71 is by a wire 76 connected with the mega? tive side of the current source 74 and the.

sliding brush 72 is byawire 77 connected'to earth. In. the wire 73 thereis arranged a switch v78, by means of which a resistance '79- connected in series to the wi 73 be Agamst. the disk or cylshort-circnited; I 1nder6l there 18 bearlnga sliding brush 80, which is connected w th the connecting line 8L In the connectingline there are 'atthe.

receiving station E inserted a relay 8?. being so sensitiveas to be influenced by every separate active pulsation, and a magnet coil 83 having apolarized armature 84 which is so dalnped by its own weight and by the magnetic field, that it cannot be influenced by the separate pulsations. The armature 84 is kept in :a certain idle position by a spiral spring .85. The relay 82 has'an armature 86 whichis kept away from the magnet by a spring 8? Finally the connectingline 81 is at 8 connected to earth by the wire 88; The operation of the arrangement accord ing to Fig. 9 is as. follows. Vlhenthedisk or cylinder 61 rotates in the direction indicated'by the arrow, the brush 80 is passed the strength of current varies according as 'the resistance 79 is short oircuited by the in the latter case the switch 78 or not. pulsation becomes lower, in the former higher. .Vhen the brush 80 is passed by the bar 64, no pulsation flows, because this bar by slip ring 69.,brush 72 and wire 77 is connected to earth. hen the sliding brush.

80. is passed by the bar (35, a pulsationt'rom the negative side of the current source 7 4 istransniitted through wire 76, brush 71, ring 68, bar and brush 80. If theresistance 79 is short circuited, the positive pulsation transmitted through the bar 63 will be of the same height as the negative pulsation transmitted through the bar 65, and the pulsation curve will have the appearance shown in Fig. 3 7l4. The resistance 79'is so proportioned, that when it is connected up, the positive pulsation 44. 10. \Vhether theresistance 79 is connected up or not, the relay 82 will be actuated by everv pulsation and the armature attracted. During the intervals ofthe pulsations the armature is kept away from the magnet by the spiral spring- 87 The other apparatus 83 at the receiving station operates in a quite difierent way. 'VVhen the resistance 79 of the transmitting apparatusisshort circuited, the pulsation curve thus.

. necessary, are described.

For the unbalancing according to Fig. 4

and indicated by in. Fig. 3 getstheappearance 7,-'

being balanced, the. magnetizing effects of the positive andnegative pulsations neutral iZe each other, so" that the pulsations have no influence on the polarized; armature"84.

This therefore. remains in its idle position just ,aswhen the coil 83 was currentless. If, on the other hand, the res1stance'7 9 is connected up. by opening the switch 7 8, the

positive andnegative-pulsations do not neutralize each other, and therefore the coil 83 is ca able to produce a certain magnetic effect. on the armature 84, which thus is attracted or repelled from itsidle position,

thus being. able to carry out a desired work, for instance eifect the closing or breaking ofa-local circuit or the like. if the resist- I ance 7 9 is again short circuited, the armature 84 retakes' 1ts former position.

Inorder to produce the unbalancings 10f the pulsation curve shown in Figs. 48,

chiefly the same arrangei'nentis necessary j as shown in Fig. 9; here below only such ad ditional arrangements or changes as are it is necessary that the bar giving the-post tive pulsation is in'the middle providedwitha piece 88', Fig. 10, insulated from the other parts of the bar and connected to a separate slip ring 67F with sliding brush 7 0 which by the wire 73? is connected with the wire 7 3. The resistance 79 andthe switch 7 8 are inserted in thewire 7 3, while the wire '73. runs direct to the brush 7.0. The bar "63, with the exception of the part 88, receives as before current through the slip ring 67,

sliding contact and Wire 7 8 from theposi tive side of the current source 74'. When the resistance 79 is short circuited, the part 88 of the bar63 gives just as high a pulsation as the other parts of the bar 63; when the switch 78 is open and the resistance 79 is connected up, the positive pulsation. from the part 88 decreases, so that this pulsation getsthe form 7, 8, 46, 47, .48, 49, 9,10 (Fig. 4'). I

In order to efiectthe imbalancing shown in Fig. 5 there is required onlysuch a modi fication of the arrangement shownin Fig.

, 10, that the bar part88 is not placed at the middle of the bar 63, but at its end, while slip rings, wi es etc. changed. g V

In order toefiect the unbalancing accord= remain quite uning to Fig. 6 there are required some minor alterations which are illustrated'in Fig. 11. In this case also the bar 6.2 is at the middle provided with an insulated part 89. The bar 62, which according to. Figs. 9 and 10' is by means of a slip ring connected to earth, is here through" the resistance 90' con neoted to the bar 68. The bar 64, which in.

the same way accordingto Figs. 9and 10' is 7 connectedto earth, is here by means, of the resistance 91 connected to the bar-'65.

is so proportioned, that the bar 6% gives a passive pulsation. The bar part 88 is, as in Fig.10,c0nnectedto the slip rlng 67 and the bar part 89 is connected to the slip ring 67*.

The resistance 79 and the switch 78 act in the same way as in Fig. 10, and the resist ance 79 effects, when the switch v78 is closed, that the bar part 89 receives the same current as the other parts'of the bar 62. When the switch 78 is open, the bar part 89 does not receive any current. The pulsation curve, therefore, when the switches 78 and 7 5 are closed, gets the appearance 2?)33 in Fig. 0, being balanced; when the 1 same switches are open, the curve gets the appearance 2-3, 2 1, 53, 54:, 55, 56, 25, 26, 57,

5s, 59, 6O, 27, as, 29,120,. 31, 32,33, being unbalanced.

If the passive pulsation has to be changed in the nnbalanc1ng,=as 18 shown in Fig. 7, a

further wire 76 w'th the resistance 92 is added to'the arrangement shown in Fig. 11, as is illustrated in Fig. 12. The switch 78* is here arranged to make contact in two directions. The slip ring 67' and thereby the bar part 89 will be connected to the negative side of the current source 7%: in the one case and to-the positive side in the other case. The resistances 79 and 92are of the same strength, and therefore the current in both cases becomes the same but of different polarity. V r

In, all the arrangements described above he changing of the pulsation curve in order to effect the unbalancing has been made only on the positive side. If the unbalancing has to be made double, as is shown in 8, one has to make the same rrange'inents also on the negative side, 2'. e. to introduce the same wires, the same resistance and the same arrangements for the bars 0 1 and 65 as for the bars 62 and 6-3. lVhen the arrangement on the one side is in operation, the other one is not in operationant vice versa.

In Fig. .13 is shown the application of the invention to a handwriting telegraph systern according to our U. S. 7 Patent No. 105 1811 for the purposeof regulating the movement of the recording pen of the receiving station. to and from the writing plane. .A. is. the transmitting and B the receiving station. The cylinder 93 is shown developed 111 a plane and has four bars indithe connecting line 126.

cated by 94:, 95, 96, 97. On three ofthese ment of the latter, as described in our said U. 8. Patent No. 1054811. The writing arms are not shown in, Fig. 13.

On the axle 103 of the cylinder 93 are placed two slip. rings 10%, 105, being likewise shown as developedin a plane. The

slip ring '10-1 consists of the part 106 and of the part 107, on the periphery of which is provided the insulated bar 108, extending along half the periphery. The part 100'is insulated from the part 107.1 Against the slip ring 104 bear four brushes 109, 110, 111, 112, which areinsulated the one from the other. The brushes 111 and 112 are placed diametrically opposite each other" and "so situated in relation to the brushes 101 and 102 on the cylinder 93, that when these just have come on the bars 91 and 96 respectively, the brush 111 is leaving andl.

the brush 112 is going over to the bar 108.

The slip ring 105 is made exactly similar to the slip ring 10 1; it consists of the parts 113 and 11 i, and the insulated bar 115.

116, 117, 118, 119, being insulated the one from the other.

Against the slip ring bear four brushes The brushes 118 and 119 are placed diametrically opposite each. other and so situated in relation to the brushes 101 and 102 on the cylinder 93, that when:

these have entered on the bars 941 and 96" r ispectively, thebrush 118 just has left and through the wire 122 connected with the ring part 106 and the bar. part 99 is through the wire connected .withfthering part 113. The bar part100 is through the resistance 12 1- connected with the bar 97. The 1 brush 101 is connected wlththe connecting;

line 125 and the brush 102 is connected with through the wire 127 connected with :the positive side and the brush 112 through the wire 128 with the negative side of the cur-. rent source 74.

side and the brush 119 through the wire 150 with the negative side'of the current source 7 1, but on a lower potential than the The brush 111 is.

The brush 118 is through i the wire 129 connected with ,the positive broken and the contact 135 closed.

station is movable up and down. Ttissupported by the spring 132 and may in the '11 resistance 110 is inserted between the wires 136 and 137.

7 At the receiving station the connecting lines 125 and 126 are running to the. windlngs of the diaphragi'n relays 111and112 respectively, and to atubular coil 113 and therefrom to earth. The diaphragm relays 111 and 1 12 are so arranged, that theyact in perfect harmony with the pulsations transmitted through the lines 125 an'd126, as soon as the strength ofthese pulsations amounts to or'exceeds a certain minimum strength. The said relays thereby close and break local circuits 14: 1, 14:5fand'116, 14:7,

whicha-re shunted to other circuits 148, 1 19 'and150, 151 respectively, containing a continuous currentsource 158 and coils 152, 153. which are rotatably qournal d in a constant magnetic field created by electroniagnets 151and 155, the coils 15,6, 157 of which are supplied with current from the continuous current source 158 through the circuit 159.

The coils152 and 153 serve in well known manner to move by the arms 160, 161 and links 162, 163 the recording pen 161 for effectin'g'the writing, pulsating currents flowing during the operation of :the diaphragm relays through said coils, 45.

the effective value of which currents :and the tubing of the coils caused thereby being nependent on the pulsations passing through the connecting lines 125 and 126.

In order'to move the recording pen 164, which in the form of construction shown is supposed'towrite on the lowerside or -a transparent paper 201, to and from the writing table, as is necessary for instance iu spacing and changing lines, the following I arrangements are combined with the .coil 113 at the receiving s'tatlon.w The tubular coil 113, which consists o'fftwo parts having the same number ofturns wound in oppo site directions. is suspended by meansiof springs 165 and 166 ina constant magnetic field, created by a central iron core 167, which passes freely through the coil 143 and is provided with a coil168, connected, to the circuit-159. and anjiron core 169 which inc-loses the coil 1 13 without being in con- 14. The pulsation curve is indicated by tact withthesaine. The coil 1 13 supports 7 acontact spring 170, which, when the coil 143 is in its'normal position,closes a contact "17-1 in a circuit 172, 17 3, .which forms a short circuit to the windin of a relay 17 1. The armature 175 of he relay 117 1 is i pivotally journaled at 176 and supports a frame '17 7,3vhich grasps over the links 162, 163, so that it will pull the recording pen 161 from the paper when the armature-of the relay is attracted. 170 is suitably 1niade ratherweak, so that, when by theinliuences of the pulsating cure rents passing through the coil 113 it gets into vibrations, it can form a node of oscillation near its front end, where the contact 171 is arranged, in order to secure a good contact, independentl ofsaid vibrations.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 13 and described abo've'operates as follows When the writing "table, 131 on accountof writing going on is pressed down, there is transmit ted through the brush 101 a continuous ser1e's of pulsations of the form shown in Fig.

17 8196,'the Zero lineby l, 2 and the limit of action of the relays'll, 1 12 by3,*4land 5,,

' 6. The different pulsations arise in the following manner. When thebrush' 101 con-f nects withfthe bar 94, there flowsacurrent through the line-125 in the following way: From the'lower positive potential ofthe current SOurCe 74x0 129, 11s, 114-;120, 91,

i 101, 125, 141, '1 1-3Jand through the earth wire back to the middle of the current source 17 4. This current gives a positive passive "pulsation of the form 178-180, Fig. 14.

Wren the brush 101 enters the bar 95,'there flows a current through the line 125 in the following way: From the higher positive potential of the current source 74: to. 127, brush 111 (which now has left the-bar 108), 107. 121, 95, 10.1, 125,141, 113 and through the earth wire back: to the middle of the current source 7 1. 'VVhen the brush 101 passes. the bar part98, this circuit is so changed, that Ehe contact spring 1 th6'CUI1"Ilt;-POH1 the ring 107 passes through the brush 110, wire 137, resistance'140 (the contact l3-4 being open on account of the I writing table 131 beingjpressed down), wire 13 6fbrush 109,1'ing 106,. wire 122, bar part.

9S,- b rush 1 01'ancl71therefrom through the line 125.

active positiv pulsation 18 0187 conse fluently istransmitted, which at its m ddle has a depression 1821 85 caused by the .tcmDQrary connecting up of the-resistance.

14 0. The resistance 140 isg'so proportioned thatthe said depression does not reach the" During the time they brush 101 passes the bar95 and the bar part 98,-the 20- limit oflaction of thejrelayltl, thus'beingq without anyflnfluence on the operation of the la'tter. .When the cylinder 93 with the rings 10 1 105 has rotated-half revolution, the brush 101 enters'the 96, and now I there flows a current through the line in the following way: From the lower negative potential. of the current source 74 to130, 119, 11:1, 120, so, 101, 125, etc., as before. When passing the bar part 99, this circuit is changed in the following manner: From the ring 11 1 the current passes through 117, 139, 135, 13s, 116, 113, 123, 99 to the brush 101, etc., but as the resistance in this path of current is practically the same as that of. the path of current through the bar96, the strength of current remains unchanged.

' through the resistance 124 and the bar part While the brush 101 100 to the brush 101. is passed by the bar 97 and the bar part 100, there consequently is transmitted through the line 125 the active negative pulsation 189-196, which at its middle has a depression 191-19 1 (Fig. 14), caused by the resistance 12st. The resistance 12 1 is of the same value as the resistance 140, so that the depressions 182-185 and.191194 will be of one and the same size. The pulsations at these depressions should not reach the limit of action, as in such a case one runs the risk, that the active pulsation does not act as a continuous pulsation. but allows the diaphragm relay at the receiving station to release its diaphragm armature during the pulsation. If the depression of the pulsation is sufficiently narrow, this danger, however, is excluded, and in such case the depression may extend to the O-line. The capacity always present in the connecting line then eflects that the depression in fact does not reach downto the O-line, and the inertia of the armature assists, for the rest, in preventing the latter from leaving the magnet at a short depression of the pulsation.

Supposing that the pen at a space between two words is lifted from the writing table 131, so that this by the spring 132can be brought into its upper position, the.fol-

.lowin chan 'es of the ulsation curve take place. The contact 131 is closed, that is to say, the resistance 1 10 will be short circuited and thereby the depression 182185, Fig. 14, previously existing in the positive pulsation, ceases. The contact 135 on the other hand willbe-broken. Thls causes an interruption of thesupply of current to the bar part r99, and therefore a depression 197-200, Fig. .15, extending to the -0-line arises in the part 187-189 of the pulsation curve, when the brush 101 passes thebar part 99. Then the writing table 131 is in its upper position, the pulsation curve thus. obtains the appearanceshown in Fig. 15.-

The positive pulsation has no depressions;

the negative pulsation has the depressions 19720O and 191-1941.

When the pulsating current has the app pearance shown in, Fig. 14: and passes curve is unbalanced, it will when. passing 1 the coil 14? have the influence that the coil is moved longitudinally. Such as the direc- 1 tion of the current here issupposed in relation to the'magnetic field'between the iron cores 167 and 169, the coil moves to the right, so that the contact 171 is opened. The winding of the relay 174 will thereby be passed by the current flowing in the circuit 159, so that the relay 1751- will be excited,i

attracting its armature 175, which thenby the frame 177 pulls the recording pen 1641- from the writing table 201. As the unbalancing of the curve took place at thesanie time as the writing table 131 took up its upper posltlon, '11. 6., when the recording pen was lifted from the same, the two record.

ing pens, the one at thetransmitting;sta-

tion and the other at the receiving station,

will leave, their writing tables simulta neously, which is the thing aimed at by the arrangement. The unbalancing introduced will not have any influence on the normal operation of the relay 141., and the movement of the recording pen 16-1 sidewise' therefore. takes place independently of;

whether itis in contact with the writing table 201 or not. If now the pulsations flo'wing throughthe brush102 on the connecting i line 126 are examined, one will find that the pulsation curve will be quite analogouswith the one previously described, with the exception. only that t obtains its, unhalancing in the opposite direction. The former received at the unbalancing chiefly positive current;

the latter receives chieflynegative current. a

It is on account of=this fact that the two windings of the coil 148, as described above,

are wound in opposite directions. The two unbalancings are thereby brought intocooperationand the coil 1-l3fijthereby obtains a stronger deflection than if Ithe'unbalanoing,

would take place only with regard to the current of the one connecting line. "It should be observed that the simultaneous pulsations in the two connecting lines by the arrangement described above always obtain the same polarity; by a simple variation of the arrangement one can bring simultaneous pulsations to have opposite polarity. One can also, if desirable, use unbalaneing of one and the same sign at the pulsations of the two lines 125 and 126, when the lifting of the pen has totake place, in which case the two windings of'the coil 14.3 of cour should be wound in the same direction in order to cooperate. I

In the forms of construction described above the unbalancing of the pulsation curves is effected by connecting up a resistance in the circuit for the one or both of the directions of current. The unbalancing can also be efiected by changing the positive or the negative potential or both of them at the current source of the transmitting station, as is shown in .Figs. 9 9 and 9 illustrating modified forms ofthe apparatusaccording to Fig. 9. In Fig. 9 the brush may, by means of a switch 210, be connected up to the positive side of the current source 7-1- or to a point thereof of lower potential. In Fig. 9 lan additional current source 211 may, by means of two switches 212 and 213, be cut in between the brush 70 and the current source 7% in such manner that it either increases or decreases the action, of the current source 74. According to Fig. 9 a switch 214: cuts in or out an electric valve or electrolytic cell 215, which offers a great resistance for the one direction of current but a small resistance for the other direction, so that an unbalancing of the pulsation curve is eifected, when the valve or the cell is connected up in the line circuit 81. a

Having now described our invention, what we claim as new anddesire to secure by Letters Patent is: V

1. Method of producingfla dipleX efiect in actuating electric apparatus at a distance, consisting in generating a series of positive and negative pulsations from a source of continuous current, varying the relation of the magnetizing effects of the positive and negative pulsations, effecting a magnetizing effect corresponding to the sum of the positive and negative pulsations, and effecting another magnetizing effect corresponding to the difference between the positive and negative pulsations;

2. In means for producing a diplex effect in actuating electric apparatus at a distance by means of pulsating electric currents of alternating polarity obtained from a source of continuous current, the combination of a sender arranged to transmit a continuous series of pulsations of alternating polarity fromthe said source, means for varying the proportion between the effective values of the positive and negative pulsations in a certain series of pulsations, a receiving relay, means for passing through the said relay the pulsations transmitted from the sendennieans for causing the said relay to operate independently of the changes of polarity andthe variation of the proportion between the effective values of the positive and the negative pulsations, another polarized receiving relay, and means for actuating the lastnamed relay only when the said proportion is varied, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. 1

3. In means for producing a dipleX eifect in actuating electric apparatus at a distance by means of pulsating electric currents of alternatmg polarity ootalned from a source of continuous current, the combination of a sender arranged to transmit a continuous series of. pulsations of'alternating polarity from the said source, means for varying the proportion between the effective values of the positive and negative pulsations in a certain series of pulsations, a'receiving relay, means for passing through the said relay the'pulsations transmitted from the sender,

means for causing the said relay to operate by means of pulsating electric current of alternating polarity obtained from a source of continuous current, the combination of a sender arranged to transmit a continuous series of pulsations of alternating polarity from the said source, means for varying the proportion between the effective values of the positive and negative pulsations in a certain series ofpulsations,a receiving relay, means for passing through the said relay its the pulsations transmitted from the sender,

means for causing the said relay to operate independently of the changes of polarity and the variation of the proportion between the effective values of the positive and the negative pulsations, another polarized receiving relay, means for actuating the last named relay only when the said proportion is varied, and means for'changing the potential of the source of current for the different directions of the pulsations, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In means for producing a dipleX effect in actuating electric apparatus at a distance by means of pulsating electric currents of alternating polarity obtained from a source of continuous current, the combination of a sender arranged to transmit a continuous series of pulsations of alternating polarity from the said source, means for varying the proportion between the effective values of the positive and negative pulsations in a certain series of pulsations, a receiving relay, means for passing through the said relay the pulsations transmitted from the sender,

is varied and an electric valve inserted in the circuit and arranged to olier greater re sistance for the one direction of current than for the other, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In means for producing a diplex effect in actuating electric apparatus at a distance by means of pulsating electric currents of alternating polarity obtained from a source of continuous current, the combinationof a sender, a recordingpen in said sender arranged to control variations of the proportion between the effective values of the positive and negativepulsations, a receiver,

a recording pen inl said receiver, a writing.

table operated upon by the recording pen of the receiver, a relay in, the receiver arfroin the last named writing table by the variations of the pulsations arriving to the receiver and actuating continuously the recording pen in accordance with the Writing pen of the sender, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. a

In testimony that we claim the foregoing as our invention, we have signed our names in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EMIL HENRIK W'IDEGREN. KLAS AUGUST WIDEGREN. WVitnesses:

ANDREW UNAR, HILDUR HAKANSON.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Gommissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

35 ranged to move its recording pen'to and 1 

